pkt4.cc

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// Copyright (C) 2011-2026 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
#include <config.h>
#include <asiolink/io_address.h>
#include <dhcp/dhcp4.h>
#include <dhcp/libdhcp++.h>
#include <dhcp/option_int.h>
#include <dhcp/pkt4.h>
#include <util/str.h>
#include <exceptions/exceptions.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
 
using namespace std;
using namespace isc::dhcp;
using namespace isc::asiolink;
using namespace isc::util::str;
 
namespace {

const IOAddress DEFAULT_ADDRESS("0.0.0.0");
}
 
namespace isc {
namespace dhcp {
 
Pkt4::Pkt4(uint8_t msg_type, uint32_t transid)
    : Pkt(transid, DEFAULT_ADDRESS, DEFAULT_ADDRESS, DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT),
      op_(DHCPTypeToBootpType(msg_type)), hwaddr_(new HWAddr()), hops_(0), secs_(0), flags_(0),
      ciaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS), yiaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS), siaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS),
      giaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS) {
    memset(sname_, 0, MAX_SNAME_LEN);
    memset(file_, 0, MAX_FILE_LEN);
 
    setType(msg_type);
}
 
Pkt4::Pkt4(const uint8_t* data, size_t len)
    : Pkt(data, len, DEFAULT_ADDRESS, DEFAULT_ADDRESS, DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT),
      op_(BOOTREQUEST), hwaddr_(new HWAddr()), hops_(0), secs_(0), flags_(0),
      ciaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS), yiaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS), siaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS),
      giaddr_(DEFAULT_ADDRESS) {
 
    if (len < DHCPV4_PKT_HDR_LEN) {
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "Truncated DHCPv4 packet (len=" << len
                  << ") received, at least " << DHCPV4_PKT_HDR_LEN
                  << " is expected.");
    }
    memset(sname_, 0, MAX_SNAME_LEN);
    memset(file_, 0, MAX_FILE_LEN);
}
 
size_t
Pkt4::len() {
    size_t length = DHCPV4_PKT_HDR_LEN; // DHCPv4 header
 
    // ... and sum of lengths of all options
    for (auto const& it : options_) {
        length += it.second->len();
    }
 
    return (length);
}
 
void
Pkt4::pack() {
    if (!hwaddr_) {
        isc_throw(InvalidOperation, "Can't build Pkt4 packet. HWAddr not set.");
    }
 
    // This object is necessary to restore the packet options after performing
    // splitOptions4 when function scope ends. It creates a container of option
    // clones which are split and packed.
    ScopedPkt4OptionsCopy scoped_options(*this);
 
    // Clear the output buffer to make sure that consecutive calls to pack()
    // will not result in concatenation of multiple packet copies.
    buffer_out_.clear();
 
    try {
        size_t hw_len = hwaddr_->hwaddr_.size();
 
        buffer_out_.writeUint8(op_);
        buffer_out_.writeUint8(hwaddr_->htype_);
        buffer_out_.writeUint8(hw_len < MAX_CHADDR_LEN ?
                               hw_len : MAX_CHADDR_LEN);
        buffer_out_.writeUint8(hops_);
        buffer_out_.writeUint32(transid_);
        buffer_out_.writeUint16(secs_);
        buffer_out_.writeUint16(flags_);
        buffer_out_.writeUint32(ciaddr_.toUint32());
        buffer_out_.writeUint32(yiaddr_.toUint32());
        buffer_out_.writeUint32(siaddr_.toUint32());
        buffer_out_.writeUint32(giaddr_.toUint32());
 
        if ((hw_len > 0) && (hw_len <= MAX_CHADDR_LEN)) {
            // write up to 16 bytes of the hardware address (CHADDR field is 16
            // bytes long in DHCPv4 message).
            buffer_out_.writeData(&hwaddr_->hwaddr_[0],
                                 (hw_len < MAX_CHADDR_LEN ?
                                  hw_len : MAX_CHADDR_LEN) );
            hw_len = MAX_CHADDR_LEN - hw_len;
        } else {
            hw_len = MAX_CHADDR_LEN;
        }
 
        // write (len) bytes of padding
        if (hw_len > 0) {
            vector<uint8_t> zeros(hw_len, 0);
            buffer_out_.writeData(&zeros[0], hw_len);
        }
 
        buffer_out_.writeData(sname_, MAX_SNAME_LEN);
        buffer_out_.writeData(file_, MAX_FILE_LEN);
 
        // write DHCP magic cookie
        buffer_out_.writeUint32(DHCP_OPTIONS_COOKIE);

        ManagedScopedOptionsCopyContainer m_scoped_options;
 
        // The RFC3396 adds support for long options split over multiple options
        // using the same code.
        // The long options are split in multiple CustomOption instances which
        // hold the data. As a result, the option type of the newly created
        // options will differ from the ones instantiated by the
        // @ref OptionDefinition::optionFactory. At this stage the server should
        // not do anything useful with the options beside packing.
        LibDHCP::splitOptions4(options_, m_scoped_options.scoped_options_);
 
        // Call packOptions4() with parameter,"top", true. This invokes
        // logic to emit the message type option first.
        LibDHCP::packOptions4(buffer_out_, options_, true);
 
        // add END option that indicates end of options
        // (End option is very simple, just a 255 octet)
        buffer_out_.writeUint8(DHO_END);
    } catch(const Exception& e) {
        // An exception is thrown and message will be written to Logger
        isc_throw(InvalidOperation, e.what());
    }
}
 
void
Pkt4::unpack() {
    if (data_.size() < DHCPV4_PKT_HDR_LEN) {
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "Received truncated DHCPv4 packet (len="
                  << data_.size() << " received, at least "
                  << DHCPV4_PKT_HDR_LEN << " is expected.");
    }
 
    // input buffer (used during message reception)
    isc::util::InputBuffer buffer_in(&data_[0], data_.size());
 
    op_ = buffer_in.readUint8();
    uint8_t htype = buffer_in.readUint8();
    uint8_t hlen = buffer_in.readUint8();
    hops_ = buffer_in.readUint8();
    transid_ = buffer_in.readUint32();
    secs_ = buffer_in.readUint16();
    flags_ = buffer_in.readUint16();
    ciaddr_ = IOAddress(buffer_in.readUint32());
    yiaddr_ = IOAddress(buffer_in.readUint32());
    siaddr_ = IOAddress(buffer_in.readUint32());
    giaddr_ = IOAddress(buffer_in.readUint32());
 
    vector<uint8_t> hw_addr(MAX_CHADDR_LEN, 0);
    buffer_in.readVector(hw_addr, MAX_CHADDR_LEN);
    buffer_in.readData(sname_, MAX_SNAME_LEN);
    buffer_in.readData(file_, MAX_FILE_LEN);
 
    hw_addr.resize(hlen);
 
    hwaddr_ = HWAddrPtr(new HWAddr(hw_addr, htype));
 
    if (buffer_in.getLength() == buffer_in.getPosition()) {
        // this is *NOT* DHCP packet. It does not have any DHCPv4 options. In
        // particular, it does not have magic cookie, a 4 byte sequence that
        // differentiates between DHCP and RFC 951 BOOTP packets.
        isc_throw(InvalidOperation, "Received BOOTP packet without vendor information extensions.");
    }
 
    if (buffer_in.getLength() - buffer_in.getPosition() < 4) {
        // there is not enough data to hold magic DHCP cookie
        isc_throw(Unexpected, "Truncated or no DHCP packet.");
    }
 
    uint32_t magic = buffer_in.readUint32();
    if (magic != DHCP_OPTIONS_COOKIE) {
        isc_throw(Unexpected, "Invalid or missing DHCP magic cookie");
    }
 
    size_t opts_len = buffer_in.getLength() - buffer_in.getPosition();
    vector<uint8_t> opts_buffer;
 
    // Use readVector because a function which parses option requires
    // a vector as an input.
    buffer_in.readVector(opts_buffer, opts_len);
 
    size_t offset = LibDHCP::unpackOptions4(opts_buffer, DHCP4_OPTION_SPACE, options_, deferred_options_, false);
 
    // If offset is not equal to the size and there is no DHO_END,
    // then something is wrong here. We either parsed past input
    // buffer (bug in our code) or we haven't parsed everything
    // (received trailing garbage or truncated option).
    //
    // Invoking Jon Postel's law here: be conservative in what you send, and be
    // liberal in what you accept. There's no easy way to log something from
    // libdhcp++ library, so we just choose to be silent about remaining
    // bytes. We also need to quell compiler warning about unused offset
    // variable.
    //
    // if ((offset != size) && (opts_buffer[offset] != DHO_END)) {
    //        isc_throw(BadValue, "Received DHCPv6 buffer of size " << size
    //                  << ", were able to parse " << offset << " bytes.");
    // }
    (void)offset;
 
    // Kea supports multiple vendor options so it needs to split received and
    // fused options in multiple OptionVendor instances.
    LibDHCP::extendVendorOptions4(options_);
 
    // No need to call check() here. There are thorough tests for this
    // later (see Dhcp4Srv::accept()). We want to drop the packet later,
    // so we'll be able to log more detailed drop reason.
}
 
uint8_t Pkt4::getType() const {
    OptionPtr generic = getNonCopiedOption(DHO_DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE);
    if (!generic) {
        return (DHCP_NOTYPE);
    }
 
    // Check if Message Type is specified as OptionInt<uint8_t>
    boost::shared_ptr<OptionInt<uint8_t> > type_opt =
        boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<OptionInt<uint8_t> >(generic);
    if (type_opt) {
        return (type_opt->getValue());
    }
 
    // Try to use it as generic option
    return (generic->getUint8());
}
 
void Pkt4::setType(uint8_t dhcp_type) {
    OptionPtr opt = getNonCopiedOption(DHO_DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE);
    if (opt) {
 
        // There is message type option already, update it. It seems that
        // we do have two types of objects representing message-type option.
        // It would be more preferable to use only one type, but there's no
        // easy way to enforce it.
        //
        // One is an instance of the Option class. It stores type in
        // Option::data_, so Option::setUint8() and Option::getUint8() can be
        // used. The other one is an instance of OptionInt<uint8_t> and
        // it stores message type as integer, hence
        // OptionInt<uint8_t>::getValue() and OptionInt<uint8_t>::setValue()
        // should be used.
        boost::shared_ptr<OptionInt<uint8_t> > type_opt =
            boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<OptionInt<uint8_t> >(opt);
        if (type_opt) {
            type_opt->setValue(dhcp_type);
        } else {
            opt->setUint8(dhcp_type);
        }
    } else {
        // There is no message type option yet, add it
        opt.reset(new OptionInt<uint8_t>(Option::V4, DHO_DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE,
                                         dhcp_type));
        addOption(opt);
    }
}
 
const char*
Pkt4::getName(const uint8_t type) {
    static const char* DHCPDISCOVER_NAME = "DHCPDISCOVER";
    static const char* DHCPOFFER_NAME = "DHCPOFFER";
    static const char* DHCPREQUEST_NAME = "DHCPREQUEST";
    static const char* DHCPDECLINE_NAME = "DHCPDECLINE";
    static const char* DHCPACK_NAME = "DHCPACK";
    static const char* DHCPNAK_NAME = "DHCPNAK";
    static const char* DHCPRELEASE_NAME = "DHCPRELEASE";
    static const char* DHCPINFORM_NAME = "DHCPINFORM";
    static const char* DHCPLEASEQUERY_NAME = "DHCPLEASEQUERY";
    static const char* DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED_NAME = "DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED";
    static const char* DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN_NAME = "DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN";
    static const char* DHCPLEASEACTIVE_NAME = "DHCPLEASEACTIVE";
    static const char* DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY_NAME = "DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY";
    static const char* DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE_NAME = "DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE";
    static const char* DHCPLEASEQUERYSTATUS_NAME = "DHCPLEASEQUERYSTATUS";
    static const char* DHCPTLS_NAME = "DHCPTLS";
    static const char* UNKNOWN_NAME = "UNKNOWN";
 
    switch (type) {
        case DHCPDISCOVER:
            return (DHCPDISCOVER_NAME);
 
        case DHCPOFFER:
            return (DHCPOFFER_NAME);
 
        case DHCPREQUEST:
            return (DHCPREQUEST_NAME);
 
        case DHCPDECLINE:
            return (DHCPDECLINE_NAME);
 
        case DHCPACK:
            return (DHCPACK_NAME);
 
        case DHCPNAK:
            return (DHCPNAK_NAME);
 
        case DHCPRELEASE:
            return (DHCPRELEASE_NAME);
 
        case DHCPINFORM:
            return (DHCPINFORM_NAME);
 
        case DHCPLEASEQUERY:
            return (DHCPLEASEQUERY_NAME);
 
        case DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED:
            return (DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED_NAME);
 
        case DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN:
            return (DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN_NAME);
 
        case DHCPLEASEACTIVE:
            return (DHCPLEASEACTIVE_NAME);
 
        case DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY:
            return (DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY_NAME);
 
        case DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE:
            return (DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE_NAME);
 
        case DHCPLEASEQUERYSTATUS:
            return (DHCPLEASEQUERYSTATUS_NAME);
 
        case DHCPTLS:
            return (DHCPTLS_NAME);
 
        default:
            ;
    }
    return (UNKNOWN_NAME);
}
 
const char*
Pkt4::getName() const {
    // getType() is now exception safe. Even if there's no option 53 (message
    // type), it now returns 0 rather than throw. getName() is able to handle
    // 0 and unknown message types.
    return (Pkt4::getName(getType()));
}
 
std::string
Pkt4::getLabel() const {

    std::string suffix;
    ClientIdPtr client_id;
    OptionPtr client_opt = getNonCopiedOption(DHO_DHCP_CLIENT_IDENTIFIER);
    if (client_opt) {
        try {
            client_id = ClientIdPtr(new ClientId(client_opt->getData()));
        } catch (...) {
            // ClientId may throw if the client-id is too short.
            suffix = " (malformed client-id)";
        }
    }
 
    std::ostringstream label;
    try {
        label << makeLabel(hwaddr_, client_id, transid_);
    } catch (...) {
        // This should not happen with the current code, but we may add extra
        // sanity checks in the future that would possibly throw if
        // the hwaddr length is 0.
        label << " (malformed hw address)";
    }
 
    label << suffix;
 
    return (label.str());
}
 
std::string
Pkt4::makeLabel(const HWAddrPtr& hwaddr, const ClientIdPtr& client_id,
                const uint32_t transid) {
    // Create label with HW address and client identifier.
    stringstream label;
    label << makeLabel(hwaddr, client_id);
 
    // Append transaction id.
    label << ", tid=0x" << hex << transid << dec;
 
    return (label.str());
}
 
std::string
Pkt4::makeLabel(const HWAddrPtr& hwaddr, const ClientIdPtr& client_id) {
    stringstream label;
    label << "[" << (hwaddr ? hwaddr->toText() : "no hwaddr info")
          << "], cid=[" << (client_id ? client_id->toText() : "no info")
          << "]";
 
    return (label.str());
}
 
std::string
Pkt4::toText(bool verbose /* = false */) const {
    stringstream tmp;
 
    // First print the basics
    tmp << "local_address=" << local_addr_ << ":" << local_port_
        << ", remote_address=" << remote_addr_ << ":" << remote_port_ << "," << endl;
 
    tmp << "msg_type=";
 
    // Try to obtain message type.
    uint8_t msg_type = getType();
    if (msg_type != DHCP_NOTYPE) {
        tmp << getName(msg_type) << " (" << static_cast<int>(msg_type) << ")";
    } else {
        // Message Type option is missing.
        tmp << "(missing)";
    }
 
    tmp << ", trans_id=0x" << hex << transid_ << dec;
 
    if (verbose) {
        tmp << ", secs=" << secs_;
        tmp << ", flags=0x" << hex << flags_;
        if (!ciaddr_.isV4Zero()) {
            tmp << ", ciaddr=" << ciaddr_.toText();
        }
 
        if (!yiaddr_.isV4Zero()) {
            tmp << ", yiaddr=" << yiaddr_.toText();
        }
 
        if (!siaddr_.isV4Zero()) {
            tmp << ", siaddr=" << siaddr_.toText();
        }
 
        if (!giaddr_.isV4Zero()) {
            tmp << ", giaddr=" << giaddr_.toText();
        }
 
        auto sname_dump = printOrDump(getSname(), 32);
        if (!sname_dump.empty()) {
            tmp << ", sname=[" << sname_dump << "]";
        }
 
        auto file_dump = printOrDump(getFile(), 32);
        if (!file_dump.empty()) {
            tmp << ", file=[" << file_dump << "]";
        }
    }
 
    if (!options_.empty()) {
        tmp << "," << endl << "options:";
        for (auto const& opt : options_) {
            try {
                tmp << endl << opt.second->toText(2);
            } catch (...) {
                tmp << "(unknown)" << endl;
            }
        }
 
    } else {
        tmp << "," << endl << "message contains no options";
    }
 
    return (tmp.str());
}
 
void
Pkt4::setHWAddr(uint8_t htype, uint8_t hlen,
                const std::vector<uint8_t>& mac_addr) {
    setHWAddrMember(htype, hlen, mac_addr, hwaddr_);
}
 
void
Pkt4::setHWAddr(const HWAddrPtr& addr) {
    if (!addr) {
        isc_throw(BadValue, "Setting DHCPv4 chaddr field to NULL"
                  << " is forbidden");
    }
    hwaddr_ = addr;
}
 
void
Pkt4::setHWAddrMember(const uint8_t htype, const uint8_t hlen,
                      const std::vector<uint8_t>& mac_addr,
                      HWAddrPtr& hw_addr) {
    if (hlen > MAX_CHADDR_LEN) {
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "Hardware address (len=" << static_cast<uint32_t>(hlen)
                  << ") too long. Max " << MAX_CHADDR_LEN << " supported.");
 
    } else if (mac_addr.empty() && (hlen > 0) ) {
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "Invalid HW Address specified");
    }

    hw_addr.reset(new HWAddr(mac_addr, htype));
}
 
void
Pkt4::setLocalHWAddr(const uint8_t htype, const uint8_t hlen,
                      const std::vector<uint8_t>& mac_addr) {
    setHWAddrMember(htype, hlen, mac_addr, local_hwaddr_);
}
 
void
Pkt4::setLocalHWAddr(const HWAddrPtr& addr) {
    if (!addr) {
        isc_throw(BadValue, "Setting local HW address to NULL is"
                  << " forbidden.");
    }
    local_hwaddr_ = addr;
}
 
void
Pkt4::setSname(const uint8_t* sname, size_t snameLen /*= MAX_SNAME_LEN*/) {
    if (snameLen > MAX_SNAME_LEN) {
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "sname field (len=" << snameLen
                  << ") too long, Max " << MAX_SNAME_LEN << " supported.");
 
    } else if (sname == NULL) {
        isc_throw(InvalidParameter, "Invalid sname specified");
    }
 
    std::copy(sname, (sname + snameLen), sname_);
    if (snameLen < MAX_SNAME_LEN) {
        std::fill((sname_ + snameLen), (sname_ + MAX_SNAME_LEN), 0);
    }
 
    // No need to store snameLen as any empty space is filled with 0s
}
 
void
Pkt4::setFile(const uint8_t* file, size_t fileLen /*= MAX_FILE_LEN*/) {
    if (fileLen > MAX_FILE_LEN) {
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "file field (len=" << fileLen
                  << ") too long, Max " << MAX_FILE_LEN << " supported.");
 
    } else if (file == NULL) {
        isc_throw(InvalidParameter, "Invalid file name specified");
    }
 
    std::copy(file, (file + fileLen), file_);
    if (fileLen < MAX_FILE_LEN) {
        std::fill((file_ + fileLen), (file_ + MAX_FILE_LEN), 0);
    }
 
    // No need to store fileLen as any empty space is filled with 0s
}
 
uint8_t
// cppcheck-suppress unusedFunction
Pkt4::DHCPTypeToBootpType(uint8_t dhcpType) {
    switch (dhcpType) {
    case DHCPDISCOVER:
    case DHCPREQUEST:
    case DHCPDECLINE:
    case DHCPRELEASE:
    case DHCPINFORM:
    case DHCPLEASEQUERY:
    case DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY:
        return (BOOTREQUEST);
 
    case DHCPACK:
    case DHCPNAK:
    case DHCPOFFER:
    case DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED:
    case DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN:
    case DHCPLEASEACTIVE:
    case DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE:
        return (BOOTREPLY);
 
    default:
        isc_throw(OutOfRange, "Invalid message type: "
                  << static_cast<int>(dhcpType) );
    }
}
 
uint8_t
Pkt4::getHtype() const {
    if (!hwaddr_) {
        return (HTYPE_UNDEFINED);
    }
    return (hwaddr_->htype_);
}
 
uint8_t
Pkt4::getHlen() const {
    if (!hwaddr_) {
        return (0);
    }
    uint8_t len = hwaddr_->hwaddr_.size();
    return (len <= MAX_CHADDR_LEN ? len : MAX_CHADDR_LEN);
}
 
void
Pkt4::addOption(const OptionPtr& opt) {
    // Check for uniqueness (DHCPv4 options must be unique)
    if (getNonCopiedOption(opt->getType())) {
        isc_throw(BadValue, "Option " << opt->getType()
                  << " already present in this message.");
    }
 
    Pkt::addOption(opt);
}
 
bool
Pkt4::isRelayed() const {
    return (!giaddr_.isV4Zero() && !giaddr_.isV4Bcast());
}
 
std::string
Pkt4::getHWAddrLabel() const {
    std::ostringstream label;
    label << "hwaddr=";
    hwaddr_ ? label << hwaddr_->toText(false) : label << "(undefined)";
    return (label.str());
}
 
} // end of namespace isc::dhcp
} // end of namespace isc